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Post: Pong – JavaScript
Pong – JavaScript. Pong is a classic arcade game that simulates a virtual game of table tennis. The objective of Pong is simple: players control paddles on opposite sides of the screen, with the goal of hitting a ball back and forth between them. The game continues until one player fails to return the ball, at which point the opponent scores a point. The first player to reach a predetermined number of points wins the game.
Table of Contents
TogglePong – JavaScript
In our version of Pong, players control their paddle using the keyboard. For player 1, use the ‘W’ key to move the paddle up and the ‘S’ key to move it down. In two-player mode (‘PVP’), player 2 can use the arrow up and arrow down keys to control their paddle. The game also features buttons for additional functionalities: ‘Pause’ to pause or resume the game, ‘Restart’ to reset the game to its initial state, and ‘Switch Mode’ to toggle between playing against the computer (‘AI’) and two-player mode (‘PVP’).
To play, simply focus on the game canvas and use the keyboard controls to move your paddle and hit the ball. Try to outmaneuver your opponent and score points while preventing them from doing the same. Whether you’re playing against the computer or challenging a friend, Pong offers timeless fun and competitive gameplay that anyone can enjoy. Have fun and may the best player win! Pong – JavaScript
Pong – Classic – Pong – JavaScript
Pong | |
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An upright cabinet ofย Pongย on display at theย Neville Public Museum of Brown County
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Developer(s) | Atari |
Publisher(s) | |
Designer(s) | Allan Alcorn |
Platform(s) |
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Release | |
Genre(s) | Sports |
Mode(s) | Single-player,ย multiplayer |
Pongย is aย table tennisโthemedย twitchย arcadeย sports video game, featuring simpleย two-dimensional graphics, manufactured byย Atariย and originally released on 29 November 1972. It was one of the earliestย arcade video games; it was created byย Allan Alcornย as a training exercise assigned to him by Atari co-founderย Nolan Bushnell, but Bushnell and Atari co-founderย Ted Dabneyย were surprised by the quality of Alcorn’s work and decided to manufacture the game. Bushnell based the game’s concept on an electronic ping-pong game included in theย Magnavox Odyssey, the firstย home video game console. In response, Magnavox later sued Atari for patent infringement.
Pongย was the first commercially successful video game[3], and it helped to establish theย video game industryย along with the Magnavox Odyssey. Soon after its release, several companies began producing games that closely mimicked its gameplay. Eventually, Atari’s competitors released new types of video games that deviated fromย Pong‘s original format to varying degrees, and this, in turn, led Atari to encourage its staff to move beyondย Pongย and produce more innovative games themselves.
Atari released several sequels toย Pongย that built upon the original’s gameplay by adding new features. During the 1975 Christmas season, Atari released a home version ofย Pongย exclusively throughย Searsย retail stores. The home version was also a commercial success and led to numerous clones. The game was remade on numerous home and portable platforms following its release.ย Pongย is part of the permanent collection of theย Smithsonian Institutionย in Washington, D.C., due to its cultural impact.
Gameplay – Pong – JavaScript
Pongย is aย two-dimensionalย sports gameย that simulatesย table tennis. The player controls an in-game paddle by moving it vertically across the left or right side of the screen. They can compete against another player controlling a second paddle on the opposing side. Players use the paddles to hit a ball back and forth. The goal is for each player to reach eleven points before the opponent; points are earned when one fails to return the ball to the other.[4][5][6]
Development and history Pong – JavaScript
Pongย was the first game developed byย Atari.[7][8]ย After producingย Computer Space, Bushnell decided to form a company to produce more games by licensing ideas to other companies. The first contract was withย Bally Manufacturing Corporationย for aย driving game.[6][9]ย Soon after the founding, Bushnell hiredย Allan Alcornย because of his experience with electrical engineering and computer science; Bushnell and Dabney also had previously worked with him atย Ampex. Prior to working at Atari, Alcorn had no experience with video games.[10]ย Bushnell had originally planned to develop aย driving video game, influenced byย Chicago Coin‘sย Speedwayย (1969) which at the time was the biggest-sellingย electro-mechanical gameย at hisย amusement arcade.[11]ย However, Bushnell had concerns that it might be too complicated for Alcorn’s first game.[12]
To acclimate Alcorn to creating games, Bushnell gave him a project secretly meant to be a warm-up exercise.[10][13]ย Bushnell told Alcorn that he had a contract withย General Electricย for a product, and asked Alcorn to create a simple game with one moving spot, two paddles, and digits for score keeping.[10]ย In 2011, Bushnell stated that the game was inspired by previous versions of electronic tennis he had played before; Bushnell played a version on aย PDP-1ย computer in 1964 while attending college.[14]ย However, Alcorn has claimed it was in direct response to Bushnell’s viewing of theย Magnavox Odyssey‘s Tennis game.[10]ย In May 1972, Bushnell had visited theย Magnavoxย Profit Caravan inย Burlingame, Californiaย where he played the Magnavox Odyssey demonstration, specifically the table tennis game.[15][16]ย Though he thought the game lacked quality, seeing it prompted Bushnell to assign the project to Alcorn.[14]
Alcorn first examined Bushnell’s schematics forย Computer Space, but found them to be illegible. He went on to create his own designs based on his knowledge ofย transistorโtransistor logicย (TTL) and Bushnell’s game. Feeling the basic game was too boring, Alcorn added features to give the game more appeal. He divided the paddle into eight segments to change the ball’s angle of return. For example, the center segments return the ball at a 90ยฐ angle in relation to the paddle, while the outer segments return the ball at smaller angles. He also made the ball accelerate the longer it remained in play; missing the ball reset the speed.[6]ย Another feature was that the in-game paddles were unable to reach the top of the screen. This was caused by a simple circuit that had an inherent defect. Instead of dedicating time to fixing the defect, Alcorn decided it gave the game more difficulty and helped limit the time the game could be played; he imagined two skilled players being able to play forever otherwise.[10]
Three months into development, Bushnell told Alcorn he wanted the game to feature realistic sound effects and a roaring crowd.[10][17]ย Dabney wanted the game to “boo” and “hiss” when a player lost a round. Alcorn had limited space available for the necessary electronics and was unaware of how to create such sounds withย digital circuits. After inspecting theย sync generator, he discovered that it could generate different tones and used those for the game’s sound effects.[6][10]ย To construct the prototype, Alcorn purchased a $75ย Hitachiย black-and-whiteย television set from a local store, placed it into a 4-foot (1.2ย m) woodenย cabinet, and soldered the wires into boards to create the necessary circuitry. The prototype impressed Bushnell and Dabney so much that they felt it could be a profitable product and decided to test its marketability.[6]
In August 1972, Bushnell and Alcorn installed theย Pongย prototype at a local bar, Andy Capp’s Tavern.[18][19][20][21]ย They selected the bar because of their good working relation with the bar’s owner and manager, Bill Gaddis;[22]ย Atari supplied pinball machines to Gaddis.[8]ย Bushnell and Alcorn placed the prototype on one of the tables near the other entertainment machines: a jukebox, pinball machines, andย Computer Space. The game was well received the first night and its popularity continued to grow over the next one and a half weeks. Bushnell then went on a business trip to Chicago to demonstrateย Pongย to executives atย Ballyย andย Midway Manufacturing;[22]ย he intended to useย Pongย to fulfill his contract with Bally, rather than the driving game.[6][7]ย A few days later, the prototype began exhibiting technical issues and Gaddis contacted Alcorn to fix it. Upon inspecting the machine, Alcorn discovered that the problem was that the coin mechanism was overflowing with quarters.[22]
After hearing about the game’s success, Bushnell decided there would be more profit for Atari to manufacture the game rather than license it, but the interest of Bally and Midway had already been piqued.[7][22]ย Bushnell decided to inform each of the two groups that the other was uninterestedโBushnell told the Bally executives that the Midway executives did not want it and vice versaโto preserve the relationships for future dealings. Upon hearing Bushnell’s comment, the two groups declined his offer.[22]ย Bushnell had difficulty finding financial backing forย Pong; banks viewed it as a variant of pinball, which at the time the general public associated with the Mafia. Atari eventually obtained aย line of creditย fromย Wells Fargoย that it used to expand its facilities to house an assembly line.[24]ย The company announcedย Pongย on 29 November 1972.[25][26]ย Management sought assembly workers at the local unemployment office, but was unable to keep up with demand. The first arcade cabinets produced were assembled very slowly, about ten machines a day, many of which failed quality testing. Atari eventually streamlined the process and began producing the game in greater quantities.[24]ย By 1973, they began shippingย Pongย to other countries with the aid of foreign partners.[27]
In Japan,ย Pongย was officially released in November 1973 by Atari Japan, which would later become part ofย Namco.[1]ย However,ย Pongย had been beaten to the market by two Japaneseย Pongย clones released in July 1973:ย Sega‘sย Pong Tronย andย Taito‘sย Elepong.[28]
Home version – Pong – JavaScript
After the success ofย Pong, Bushnell pushed his employees to create new products.[7][29]ย A newย electronic technology, theย large-scale integrationย (LSI) chip, had recently become available, which Bushnell believed would “allow pioneering in new” game concepts. Atari began working on the reduction ofย Pongย from a large arcadeย printed circuit boardย (PCB) down to a small LSI chip for use in a home system. The initial development cost for a game on a single LSI chip was expensive, costing aroundย $50,000ย (equivalent to $361,000 in 2022), but once the chip was developed, it became significantly cheaper toย mass-produceย the game as well as more difficult toย reverse-engineer.[30]
In 1974, Atari engineer Harold Lee proposed a home version ofย Pongย that would connect to a television:ย Home Pong. The system began development under the codenameย Darlene, named after an employee at Atari. Alcorn worked with Lee to develop the designs and prototype and based them on the same digital technology used in their arcade games. The two worked in shifts to save time and money; Lee worked on the design’s logic during the day, while Alcornย debuggedย the designs in the evenings. After the designs were approved, fellow Atari engineer Bob Brown assisted Alcorn and Lee in building a prototype. The prototype consisted of a device attached to a wooden pedestal containing over a hundred wires, which would eventually be replaced with aย single chipย designed by Alcorn and Lee; the chip had yet to be tested and built before the prototype was constructed. The chip was finished in the latter half of 1974, and was, at the time, the highest-performing chip used in aย consumer product.[29]
Bushnell and Gene Lipkin, Atari’s vice-president of sales, approached toy and electronic retailers to sellย Home Pong, but were rejected. Retailers felt the product was too expensive and would not interest consumers.[31]ย Bushnell contactedย Searsย after coming across aย Magnavox Odysseyย advertisement in the sporting goods section of its catalog. Atari staff (including Bushnell and Lipkin) discussed the game with a representative, Tom Quinn, who expressed enthusiasm and offered the company an exclusive deal. Believing they could find more favorable terms elsewhere, Atari’s executives declined and continued to pursue toy retailers. In January 1975, Atari staff set up aย Home Pongย booth at the American Toy Fair (aย trade fair) inย New York City, but was unsuccessful in soliciting orders due to high price of the unit.[32]
While at the show, they met Quinn again, and, a few days later, set up a meeting with him to obtain a sales order. In order to gain approval from the Sporting Goods department, Quinn suggested Atari demonstrate the game to executives in Chicago. Alcorn and Lipkin traveled to theย Sears Towerย and, despite a technical complication in connection with an antenna on top of the building which broadcast on the same channel as the game, obtained approval. Bushnell told Quinn he could produce 75,000ย units in time for theย Christmas season; however, Quinn requested double the amount. Though Bushnell knew Atari lacked the capacity to manufacture 150,000ย units, he agreed.[29]ย Atari acquired a new factory through funding obtained byย venture capitalistย Don Valentine. Supervised by Jimm Tubb, the factory fulfilled the Sears order.[33]ย The first units manufactured, branded with Sears’ “Tele-Games” name, started to sell around the end of October[34]ย to mid November 1975[35]ย with a 1-year warranty for $98.95 and an additional $7.95 for the optional AC adapter.[36]ย Atari later released a version under its own brand in 1976.[37]
Lawsuit from Magnavox – Pong – JavaScript
In April 1974 Magnavox filed suit against Atari, Allied Leisure,ย Bally Midwayย andย Chicago Dynamics.[38]ย Magnavox argued that Atari had infringed on Sanders Associates’ patents relating to the concept of electronic ping-pong based on detailed records Ralph Baer kept of the Odyssey’s design process dating back to 1966. Other documents included depositions from witnesses and a signed guest book that demonstrated Bushnell had played the Odyssey’s table tennis game prior to releasingย Pong.[39][40]ย In response to claims that he saw the Odyssey, Bushnell later stated that, “The fact is that I absolutely did see the Odyssey game and I didn’t think it was very clever.”[41]
After considering his options, Bushnell decided to settle with Magnavox out of court in June 1976. Bushnell’s lawyer felt they could win; however, he estimated legal costs of US$1.5ย million, which would have exceeded Atari’s funds. Magnavox offered Atari an agreement to become a licensee for US$1.5 million payable in eight installments. In addition, Magnavox obtained the right to full information on Atari products publicly announced or released over the next year.[39][40]ย Magnavox continued to pursue legal action against the other companies, and proceedings began shortly after Atari’s settlement. The first case took place at theย district courtย in Chicago, with Judge John Grady presiding. Magnavox won the suit against the remaining defendants.[39][40][42]ย Atari may have delayed the announcement of theย Atari 2600ย by a few months to avoid disclosing information about the system under the settlement agreement.[40][43]
Impact and legacy – Pong – JavaScript
Theย Pongย arcade games manufactured by Atari were a great success. The prototype was well received by Andy Capp’s Tavern patrons; people came to the bar solely to play the game.[7][22]ย Following its release,ย Pongย consistently earned four times more revenue than other coin-operated machines.[44]ย Bushnell estimated that the game earned US$35โ40 per day (i.e.ย 140โ160 plays daily per console at $0.25 per play), which he described as nothing he’d ever seen before in the coin-operated entertainment industry at the time.[14]ย The game’s earning power resulted in an increase in the number of orders Atari received. This provided Atari with a steady source of income; the company sold the machines at three times theย cost of production. By 1973, the company had filled 2,500ย orders, and at the end of 1974, sold more than 8,000ย units.[44]ย The arcade cabinets have since become collector’s items with theย cocktail-table versionย being the rarest.[45]ย Soon after the game’s successful testing at Andy Capp’s Tavern, other companies began visiting the bar to inspect it. Similar games appeared on the market three months later, produced by companies like Ramtek andย Nutting Associates.[46]ย Atari could do little against the competitors as they had not initially filed for patents on theย solid stateย technology used in the game. When the company did file for patents, complications delayed the process. As a result, the market consisted primarily of “Pongย clones”; author Steven Kent estimated that Atari had produced less than a third of the machines.[47]ย Bushnell referred to the competitors as “Jackals” because he felt they had an unfair advantage. His solution to competing against them was to produce more innovative games and concepts.[46][47]
Home Pongย was an instant success following its limited 1975 release through Sears; around 150,000ย units were sold that holiday season.[48][49]ย The game became Sears’ most successful product at the time, which earned Atari a Sears Quality Excellence Award.[49]ย Atari’s own version sold an additional 50,000 units.[50]ย Similar to the arcade version, several companies released clones to capitalize on the home console’s success, many of which continued to produce new consoles and video games. Magnavox re-released their Odyssey system with simplified hardware and new features and, later, released updated versions.ย Colecoย entered the video game market with theirย Telstar console; it features threeย Pongย variants and was also succeeded by newer models.[48]ย Nintendo released theย Color TV-Game 6ย in 1977, which plays six variations of electronic tennis. The next year, it was followed by an updated version, the Color TV-Game 15, which features fifteen variations. The systems were Nintendo’s entry into the home video game market and the first to produce themselvesโthey had previously licensed the Magnavox Odyssey.[51]ย The dedicatedย Pongย consoles and the numerous clones have since become varying levels of rare; Atari’sย Pongย consoles are common, while APF Electronics’ย TV Funย consoles are moderately rare.[52]ย Prices among collectors, however, vary with rarity; the Sears Tele-Games versions are often cheaper than those with the Atari brand.[48]
Pong – JavaScript. Several publications consider Pongย the game that launched theย video game industryย as a lucrative enterprise.[13][37][53]ย Video game author David Ellis sees the game as the cornerstone of the video game industry’s success, and called the arcade game “one of the most historically significant” titles.[7][45]ย Kent attributes the “arcade phenomenon” toย Pongย and Atari’s games that followed it, and considers the release of the home version the successful beginning of homeย video game consoles.[46][49]ย Bill Loguidice and Matt Barton ofย Gamasutraย referred to the game’s release as the start of a new entertainment medium, and commented that its simple, intuitive gameplay made it a success.[37]ย In 1995,ย Fluxย magazine ranked the game 56th on their “Top 100 Video Games.”[54]ย In 1996ย Next Generationย named it one of the “Top 100 Games of All Time”, recounting that “Next Generationย staff ignor[ed] hundreds of thousands of dollars of 32-bit software to playย Pongย for hours when the Genesis version was released.”[55]ย In 1999,ย Next Generationย listedย Pongย as number 34 on their “Top 50 Games of All Time”, commenting that, “Despite, or perhaps because of, its simplicity,ย Pongย is the ultimate two-player challenge โ a test of reaction times and very simple strategy stripped down to its barest essentials.”[56]ย Entertainment Weeklyย namedย Pongย one of the top ten games for the Atari 2600 in 2013.[57]ย Many of the companies that produced their own versions ofย Pongย eventually became well known within the industry.ย Nintendoย entered the video game market with clones ofย Home Pong. The revenue generated from themโeach system sold over a million unitsโhelped the company survive a difficult financial time, and spurred them to pursue video games further.[51]ย After seeing the success ofย Pong,ย Konamiย decided to break into the arcade game market and released its first title,ย Maze. Its moderate success drove the company to develop more titles.[58]ย In 2015,ย The Strong National Museum of Playย inductedย Pongย to itsย World Video Game Hall of Fame.[59]
Bushnell felt thatย Pongย was especially significant in its role as aย social lubricant, since it was multiplayer-only and did not require each player to use more than one hand: “It was very common to have a girl with a quarter in hand pull a guy off a bar stool and say, ‘I’d like to playย Pongย and there’s nobody to play.’ It was a way you could play games, you were sitting shoulder to shoulder, you could talk, you could laugh, you could challenge each other … As you became better friends, you could put down your beer and hug. You could put your arm around the person. You could play left-handed if you so desired. In fact, there are a lot of people who have come up to me over the years and said, ‘I met my wife playingย Pong,’ and that’s kind of a nice thing to have achieved.”[60]
Ports – Pong – JavaScript
Atari remade the game on numerous platforms. In 1977,ย Pongย and several variants of the game were featured inย Video Olympics, one of the original release titles for theย Atari 2600.
Pongย has also been included in several Atari compilations on many different platforms, such asย Arcade Classicsย on theย Sega Genesis,ย Atari Classics Evolvedย on theย PlayStation Portable,ย Retro Atari Classicsย on theย Nintendo DS, andย Atari: 80 Classic Games in One!ย forย personal computer, and theย Atari 50: The Anniversary Celebrationย (2022) compilation forย Nintendo Switch,ย PlayStation 4,ย Steam, andย Xbox One.[61][62][63][64][65][66]
Through an agreement with Atari,ย Bally Gaming and Systemsย developed aย slot machineย version of the game.[67]
The game was also included as a loading screen minigame on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox versions ofย TD Overdrive: The Brotherhood of Speed, however the Windows version doesn’t include it.[68][69]
Sequels and remakes – Pong – JavaScript
Bushnell felt the best way to compete against imitators was to create better products, leading Atari to produce sequels in the years following the original’s release:ย Pong Doubles,ย Super Pong,ย Ultra Pong,ย Quadrapong, andย Pin-Pong.[5]ย The sequels feature similar graphics, but include new gameplay elements; for example,ย Pong Doublesย allows four players to compete in pairs, whileย Quadrapongโalso released byย Kee Gamesย asย Eliminationโhas them compete against each other in a four-way field.[70][71]ย Bushnell also conceptualized aย free-to-playย version ofย Pongย to entertain children in a Doctor’s office. He initially titled itย Snoopy Pongย and fashioned the cabinet afterย Snoopy‘s doghouse with the character on top, but retitled it toย Puppy Pongย and altered Snoopy to a generic dog to avoid legal action. Bushnell later used the game in his chain ofย Chuck E. Cheese’sย restaurants.[5][72][73][74][75]ย In 1976, Atari releasedย Breakout, a single-player variation ofย Pongย where the object of the game is to remove bricks from a wall by hitting them with a ball.[76]ย Likeย Pong,ย Breakoutย was followed byย numerous clonesย that copied the gameplay, such asย Arkanoid,ย Alleyway, andย Break ‘Em All.[77]
Aย 3Dย platform gameย withย puzzleย andย shooterย elements was reportedly in development byย Atari Corporationย for theย Atari Jaguarย in September 1995 under the titleย Pong 2000, as part of their series of arcade game updates for the system and was set to have an original storyline for it,[78][79][80]ย but it was never released.
In 1999,ย Hasbro Interactiveย released a new title known asย Pong: The Next Levelย for home computers and theย PlayStation. This game was released as part of a trend within the time period of popular arcade games being remade withย 3D graphicsย and art styles. The game also featured manyย power-ups.[81][82]
In 2012, Atari celebrated the 40th anniversary ofย Pongย by releasingย Pong Worldย forย iOS, which was developed by zGames.[83]ย In 2020, a new game titledย Pong Questย was developed by Chequered Ink and released by Atari on Steam, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch.[84]ย A remake ofย Pongย has been announced for release exclusively for theย Intellivision Amico.[85]
In popular culture – Pong – JavaScript
The game is featured in episodes of television series includingย That ’70s Show,[86]ย King of the Hill[87]ย andย Saturday Night Live.[88]ย In 2006, anย American Expressย commercial featuredย Andy Roddickย in a tennis match against the white, in-game paddle.[89]ย Other video games have also referenced and parodiedย Pong; for exampleย Neuromancerย for theย Commodore 64ย andย Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Boltsย for theย Xbox 360.[90][91]ย The concert eventย Video Games Liveย has performed audio fromย Pongย as part of a special retro “Classic Arcade Medley”.[92]ย Frank Black‘s song “Whatever Happened to Pong?” on the albumย Teenager of the Yearย references the game’s elements.[93]
Dutch design studio Buro Vormkrijgers created aย Pong-themed clock as a fun project within their offices. After the studio decided to manufacture it for retail, Atari took legal action in February 2006. The two companies eventually reached an agreement in which Buro Vormkrijgers could produce a limited number under license.[94]ย In 1999, French artistย Pierre Huygheย created an installation titled “Atari Light”, in which two people use handheld gaming devices to playย Pongย on an illuminated ceiling. The work was shown at theย Venice Biennaleย in 2001, and theย Museo de Arte Contemporรกneo de Castilla y Leรณnย in 2007.[95]ย The game was included in theย Londonย Barbican Art Gallery‘s 2002ย Game On exhibitionย meant to showcase the various aspects of video game history, development, and culture.Pong – JavaScript[96]ย
References – Pong – JavaScript
- ^ย Jump up to:aย bย cย Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006).ย ใขใผใฑใผใTVใฒใผใ ใชในใๅฝๅ โขๆตทๅค็ทจ(1971-2005)ย [Arcade TV Game List: Domestic โข Overseas Edition (1971-2005)] (in Japanese). Japan: Amusement News Agency. p.ย 51.ย ISBNย 978-4990251215.
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Further reading
- Cohen, Scott (1984).ย Zap! The Rise and Fall of Atari. McGraw-Hill.ย ISBNย 978-0-07-011543-9.
- Herman, Leonard (1997).ย Phoenix: The Fall & Rise of Videogames. Rolenta Press.ย ISBNย 978-0-9643848-2-8.
- Kline, Stephen; Dyer-Witheford, Nick; De Peuter, Greig (2003).ย Digital Play: The interaction of Technology, Culture and Marketing. McGill-Queen’s Press.ย ISBNย 978-0-7735-2591-7.
- Lowood, H. (2009). “Videogames in Computer Space: The Complex History of Pong”.ย IEEE Annals of the History of Computing.ย 31ย (3): 5โ19.ย doi:10.1109/MAHC.2009.53.ย S2CIDย 7653073.
External link – Pong – JavaScript
- Pong-story.com, comprehensive site aboutย Pongย and its origins.
- The Atari Museumย An in-depth look at Atari and its history
- Pongย Flyer
- Pong variantsย atย MobyGames
- Pongย can be played for free in the browser on theย Internet Archive
Authority control databases: Nationalย |
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- 1970s toys
- 1972 in video gaming
- 1972 video games
- Arcade video games
- Atari arcade games
- Atari games
- Cancelled Atari Jaguar games
- Discrete video arcade games
- First-generation video game consoles
- Head-to-head arcade video games
- Home video game consoles
- Mobile games
- Paddle-and-ball video games
- Products introduced in 1972
- Table tennis video games
- Video games developed in the United States
- World Video Game Hall of Fame
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