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Post: Understanding the Fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming: A Comprehensive Guide with Python Examples
📘 Lesson Plan: Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python
🎯 Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
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Understand the core concepts of OOP: Classes, Objects, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.
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Write Python classes and instantiate objects.
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Use inheritance and method overriding to create reusable and extensible code.
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Apply encapsulation using private variables and getter/setter methods.
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Recognize and apply abstraction using abstract base classes.
🧠 Key Concepts & Examples
1. Classes and Objects
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Class: A blueprint for creating objects.
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Object: An instance of a class.
Example:
2. Encapsulation
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Protects internal state by making attributes private and providing public methods to access or modify them.
Example:
3. Inheritance
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A class can inherit methods and properties from another class.
Example:
4. Polymorphism
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Different classes can implement the same method differently.
Example (method overriding):
5. Abstraction
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Hides complex implementation and exposes only what’s necessary.
Example:
🏁 Assignment
Create a class Person with the following:
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Attributes:
nameandage -
Method:
introduce()that prints:"Hi, I'm and I'm years old."
Create a subclass Student that:
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Inherits from
Person -
Adds an attribute:
school -
Overrides
introduce()to print:"Hi, I'm , I'm years old and I study at ."
Expected Usage
✅ Answer Key
🔁 Recap
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Class & Object: Template and instance.
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Encapsulation: Protect internal state.
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Inheritance: Reuse code from base classes.
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Polymorphism: Different classes share interface but act differently.
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Abstraction: Hide complexity using interfaces or base classes.
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